Also called "Latin-1". This is the
ISO name for the extended western character set that includes many letters with diacritical marks used in non-English languages.
8859-1 is an eight-bit code (256 code points). The first 126 codes are exactly the same as
ASCII. The characters with diacritical marks that are used in Latin alphabets begin at code point 160 (hex A0) and extend to code point 254 (hex FE). This range of codes in the binary octet are swapped in and out depending on which 8859 encoding is being used: 8859-1 through 8859-n
For a great tutorial on the web about character encoding issues see:
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/chars.html